1988～1998年北半球积雪时空变化特征分析   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

杨修群  张琳娜 《大气科学》2001,25(6):757-766

利用NOAA提供的北半球近10年(1988～1998)逐周雪盖观测资料，通过引入年或季节累积雪盖周数作为对雪量累积情况的定量衡量，对北半球雪盖变化时空特征进行了分析。结果表明:近10年来，北半球积雪年际变化的关键区位于青藏高原、蒙古高原、欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉及北美中西部，其中青藏高原是北半球积雪异常变化最强烈的区域。青藏高原和欧亚大陆其他地区积雪变化的关联表现为两种不同的时空变化型，第一种型表现为青藏高原地区和其他地区(如欧洲、俄罗斯远东地区)积雪的同位相趋势性增多；第二种型表现为青藏高原地区和中亚地区积雪变化同位相，而和蒙古高原－我国东北地区积雪变化反位相的年际振荡。  相似文献   

关于菏泽－昆山北西向地震带的建立及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

方大卫  沈永盛 《地震地质》1994,16(4):365

根据地质构造、地震稠密区走向和地震迁移活动的规律，并结合重力和航磁资料探讨了菏冷昆山北西向地震带的存在及其规模和范围。这一地震带，无论在历史上或近期均甚活跃，对江淮流域及沪、杭、甬地区构成一定的震灾威胁，值得引起有关方面的重视，并予加强研究和监测。  相似文献   

关于在闽北西部建立中墩组早白垩世火山岩地层单位的讨论     

李水龙  王灿 《福建地质》1994,13(1):37-43

近年来的最新调研成果表明，闽北酉部原划为上侏罗统南园组的火山岩为一套中性—偏碱性—酸性—偏碱性火山岩组合，形成于大陆边缘拉张构造环境，岩浆来源于地壳，与萤石、叶蜡石、铌钽、放射性矿产关系密切。全岩Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线年龄１１２—１４２Ｍａ，８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ为０．７０６６１－０．７１９４１，时代为早白垩世。具有一定的区域范围及独特的构造环境，与江西广丰鹅湖岭组相连，而与福建东部的火山岩有很大差异，建议单独建立一个岩石地层单位──中墩组（Ｋ１ｚ）。这对研究福建西部乃至我国东部中生代火山岩地层都有重要意义。  相似文献   

最近十年来中国北方农牧交错地区土地沙质荒漠化发展趋势的一例（丰宁北部及多伦南部）   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱震达 《中国沙漠》1994,(4)

荒漠化作为一个环境问题，在人为过度经济活动的干扰和脆弱自然因素影响下（如疏松的地面组成物质，气候的连续干旱多风或暴雨等），正在继续蔓延，其影响的范围日益加大，因而监测其发展趋势，掌握其动态变化的规律乃成为当前各国荒漠化研究的一项重要内容。作者等选择我国在生态上较脆弱、气候上较敏感的河北省北部丰宁县及内蒙东南的多伦等地进行沙质荒漠化发展趋势的研究，经过野外调查监测和室内大量资料的对比分析，认为我国北方农牧交错地区的土地荒漠化虽然在局部地区进行治理后已开始逆转，但总的趋势仍在继续发展。因此，荒漠化作为一个环境问题应引起各方面的重视，及时采取各种措施积极进行治理。  相似文献   

Water table variations in Atacama Desert alluvial fans: discussion of “Evidence of short-term groundwater recharge signal propagation from the Andes to the central Atacama Desert: a singular spectrum analysis approach”*     

Benoît Viguier  Hervé Jourde  Véronique Leonardi  Elisabeth Lictevout  Linda Daniele 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(9):1606-1613

ABSTRACT

Using a statistical approach, Scheihing attempts to demonstrate the direct influence of recharge events in the Precordillera and the Andean Piedmont on water table variations in downstream alluvial fans. The author “unquestionably” discards the existence of ephemeral recharge processes in alluvial fans although they are frequently impacted by major floods. However, the author does not consider previous publications about recharge processes in arid alluvial fans, the hydraulic setting of the Pampa del Tamarugal Aquifer (PTA) and anthropogenic pressure changes in the PTA. Because the sustainable management of groundwater resources in drylands depends on a good understanding of hydrogeological processes, we propose a thorough reinterpretation of the short- and long-term PTA water table variations addressed by the author. In this comment, we illustrate the limits of the sole use of a statistical approach for characterizing both recharge processes and factors controlling the water table variations in the Atacama Desert.  相似文献   

基于空气质量模拟的江苏省大气污染物排放清单比较研究     

李勋  秦墨梅  李琳  李婧祎  胡建林 《南京气象学院学报》2020,12(6):705-713

大气污染物排放清单是空气质量模拟和空气污染治理的重要依据.本研究比较分析了两套覆盖江苏省的2017年大气污染物排放清单，即分别由上海市环境科学研究院、江苏省环境科学研究院编制的"长三角清单"和"江苏省清单"，并结合区域空气质量模型CMAQ评估不同清单对长三角地区2017年1、4、7、10月的空气质量模拟的影响.清单比较结果表明，除二氧化硫（SO₂）以外，江苏省清单估算的各污染物排放量较长三角清单低.通过与观测数据比较，发现两套清单对SO₂、氮氧化物（NO_x）、臭氧（O₃）和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）的模型模拟性能均较好.江苏省清单与长三角清单两者的模拟结果空间分布接近，其中江苏省清单模拟的PM_2.5和O₃在长三角多数地区略低于长三角清单的模拟结果（1月O₃除外）.江苏省清单与长三角清单均能够用于空气质量模式模拟，可为江苏地区的细颗粒物和光化学烟雾污染的控制策略制定提供参考.  相似文献   

Thermal evolution of the Northern Cordillera Volcanic Province: implication for heat flow in remnant back-arc regions     

Joseph F. Batir  David D. Blackwell 《International Geology Review》2020,62(12):1510-1537

ABSTRACT

Active and remnant back-arc regions do not follow a typical conductive lithosphere cooling model, but instead have an apparent two-stage cooling, defined by a high heat flow back-arc region during subduction and a second post-subduction heating event that extends elevated heat flow for several 10s million years. Numerical one-stage cooling models have not reproduced observed heat flow anomalies in active subduction zones using physically realistic parameters and require a secondary post-subduction heating mechanism. Here, an extension driven-volcanism model is developed to examine extension driven heating and volcanism as a mechanism to produce a prolonged thermal anomaly within back-arc lithosphere. This model is tested using the recorded thermal evolution of the Northern Cordillera Volcanic Province (NCVP), a Neogene-Quaternary alkaline volcanic province located in the remnant back-arc region of the Pacific-North American subduction zone in British Columbia, Canada. A single steady-state lithosphere geotherm does not intersect all previously published temperature estimates, suggesting previous data record the thermal evolution of the NCVP. Calculated geotherms at equilibrium with the minimum and maximum MELTS temperatures predict an increase in reduced mantle heat flow (Q_m ) from 43 to 72 mW/m² and lithosphere thinning from a depth of 87 to 48 km. The newly developed extension-volcanism model reproduced the calculated pre- and post-volcanism thermal regimes for the NCVP and supports that extension within the remnant back-arc could produce the present heat flow anomaly and volcanism. The model most readily produces volcanism when Q_m is ~45–65 mW/m², a typical range for back-arcs. Back-arc regions are prime locations for limited volcanism because their warmer thermal regime minimizes tectonic stress requirements to produce volcanism. Additionally, two-stage cooling of back-arcs can be explained with a time-dependent extension-volcanism thermal feedback mechanism that is possible because of the subduction driven pre-heating of back-arc regions.  相似文献   

西秦岭北带大草滩群的解体及其地质意义——兼论北秦岭加里东运动 …   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张伟林  杨志华 《地层学杂志》2000,24(3):220-223

分布于西秦岭北带的上泥盆统大草滩群（Ｄ３ｄｃ）,被众多研究秦岭的地质学家认为是典型的造山后的磨拉石建造,并将这套地层作为北秦岭加里东运动最直接、重要的证据之一。我们的工作发现,大草滩群是由两套不同时代、不同沉积建造的地层体经逆冲一推履构造作用形成的地层叠置系统。因此,原大草滩群予以解体,建议取消。这一认识对探讨北秦岭加里东运动的性质以及整个北秦岭构造演化历史提供了重要资料。  相似文献   

Duration Magnitude Scale and Site Residuals for Northern Morocco     

Issam Mouayn  Ben Aissa Tadili  Lahsen Aït Brahim  Mohamed Ramdani  Mohamed Limouri  Nacer Jabour 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(5-6):1061-1080

— The first empirical duration magnitude (M_D) formula is developed and tested for the Northern Morocco Seismic Network (NMSNET). This relationship is obtained by relating the IGN (Instituto Geografico National, Madrid) body-waves mbLg^IGN to the duration (), and the epicentral distance (), at 25 analogue stations of the NMSNET for 479 earthquakes with 2.5 mb 5.4, from March 1992 to February 2001. M_D estimates are significantly more precise while introducing a correction term for each of these stations, cSta_j. The magnitude for the i^th event (M_D)_i is the mean value of individual M_Dij=–0.14+1.63log₁₀(_ij)+0.031(_ij)+cSta_j. The cSta_j corrections reduce considerably the local site effects which influence the recorded durations and cause stations to either overestimate, or underestimate M_D up to 0.5 magnitude units. Average station M_D residuals (–cSta_j) are found to be independent of the distance from the epicenter to at least 10 degrees. It seems evident that regional geological features in the immediate behavior of stations have a systematic effect on the corresponding obtained residuals: older well-consolidated Precambrian crystalline rocks produce high negative residuals (shorter durations), younger unconsolidated sediments produce high positive residuals (longer durations), whereas, intermediate M_D site residuals appear to be the result of the effect of various factors, principally age and state of consolidation of the bedrock, combined with the local tectonic.  相似文献   

Rock avalanches of the Ardon River valley at the southern foot of the Rocky Range,Northern Caucasus,North Osetia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.?L.?StromEmail author 《Landslides》2004,1(3):237-241

Deposits of very large rock avalanches were identified at the southern foot of the Rocky Range of the Northern Caucasus. Cliffs facing the Ardon River are 1–1.5 km high and composed of Cretaceous and upper Jurassic, hard, crystaline limestone, underlain by softer, middle Jurassic shale, siltstone and sandstone flysh. The largest rock avalanche, at Karivhoh, is ~2×10⁹ m³ in volume, travelled more than 7 km, and covered about 18 km² with deposits up to 200–300 m thick. All rock-avalanche bodies are composed of intensively crushed debris overlain by a blocky carapace. Numerous subsequent landslides develop within these deposits, and pose a threat to villages built on them.  相似文献